A mid-air collision between an Iberia Airbus A321XLR and an Air Europa Boeing 787-9 over the Atlantic was narrowly avoided on 10 July 2026 after TCAS issued a Resolution Advisory prompting immediate evasive action. Iberia flight IB-140, northbound from Recife to Madrid at FL360, descended instantly upon receiving the alert to avoid Air Europa flight UX-57, which was cleared to the same altitude on the opposite track from Madrid to São Paulo. Both fully loaded long-haul aircraft arrived safely with no injuries, confirming TCAS II functioned as the last-resort airborne defense when vertical separation failed. The specific cause of the loss of separation remains unconfirmed pending official investigation by AESA or ANAC, though the activation of the Resolution Advisory indicates the aircraft approached within 500 feet of required 1,000-foot oceanic separation minima.